Influenza viruses are capable of multiple reactivation after inactivation by UV radiation [34][35] or ionizing radiation. [36] If any of the eight RNA strands that make up the genome contain a lesion that prevents the replication or expression of essential genes, the virus cannot survive when it inf

Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses. Several isoforms are labeled according to H value (hemagglutinin type) and N value (neuraminidase type). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). [6][7] H17N10 wa

VaccinationAnnual vaccination is the main and most effective way to prevent influenza and influenza-related complications, especially for high-risk groups. [8][1][32] Influenza vaccines are trivalent or quadrivalent and provide protection against H1N1 strains, H3N2 strains, and one or both IBV strai

Influenza, commonly known as "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Symptoms range from mild to severe and often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, cough and fatigue. These symptoms start one to four days (usually two) after exposure to the virus and l